Unary Adsorption of Phthalates from Wastewater onto Water Hyacinth Biochar: Parameters, Drivers and Mechanism

Ogora, Elkanah N.; Getenga, Zachary M.; Gichumbi, Joel M.; Shikuku, Victor O.

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dc.contributor.author	Ogora, Elkanah N.
dc.contributor.author	Getenga, Zachary M.
dc.contributor.author	Gichumbi, Joel M.
dc.contributor.author	Shikuku, Victor O.
dc.date.accessioned	2025-07-07T08:26:32Z
dc.date.available	2025-07-07T08:26:32Z
dc.date.issued	2025
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dc.identifier.uri	http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/274
dc.description.abstract	In this study, water hyacinth root-derived biochar (WHB) was prepared as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of three phthalates, namely, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (BEHP) from single solute aqueous solutions. The equilibrium data were best described by the adsorption isotherm models in the order Freundlich>Langmuir>Dubinin-RadushkevichKaganer (D-R-K) isotherms. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Qo) was 1.83, 1.77, and 1.62 mg/g for DMP, BBP, and BEHP, respectively. The adsorption of the phthalates was diminished by increased molecular weight and molar volume of the molecules but compensated by their hydrophobicity. The kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second order (PSO) model and pore diffusion was not the sole operative rate-determining step. The calculated thermodynamic functions, changes in Gibb’s free energy (ΔG<0), enthalpy (ΔH<0), and entropy (ΔS<0) demonstrate the adsorption of DMP, BBP, and BEHP onto WHB is energetically favorable, exothermic, spontaneous and of a physical type controlled by hydrophobic interactions. The comparative adsorption capacities imply that WHB would sequester phthalates regardless of their physicochemical profiles.	en_US
dc.language.iso	en_US	en_US
dc.publisher	South African Journal of Chemistry	en_US
dc.subject	Phthalates, Water hyacinth biochar, adsorption, physicochemical properties	en_US
dc.title	Unary Adsorption of Phthalates from Wastewater onto Water Hyacinth Biochar: Parameters, Drivers and Mechanism	en_US
dc.type	Preprint	en_US