Organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediments and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of Lake Nakuru, Kenya and implications for its fishery

Nantongo, Mary Florence; Edebe, Joseph; . Otachi, Elick O; Kipkemboi, Julius

Home
→
Research Papers
→
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE
→
View Item

dc.contributor.author	Nantongo, Mary Florence
dc.contributor.author	Edebe, Joseph
dc.contributor.author	. Otachi, Elick O
dc.contributor.author	Kipkemboi, Julius
dc.date.accessioned	2023-04-04T06:49:09Z
dc.date.available	2023-04-04T06:49:09Z
dc.date.issued	2022-12-19
dc.identifier.citation	Abong'o, D. A. (2009). Occurrence, distribution and environmental impacts of organochlorine pesticide residues in the Lake Victoria catchment: A case study of river Nyando drainage basin of Winam gulf, Kenya. PhD thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Abong'o, D. A., Wandiga, S. O., Jumba, I. O., & Kylin, H. (2014). Impacts of pesticides on human health and environment in the river Nyando catchment, Kenya. International Journal of Humanities, Arts, Medicine and Sciences, 3(2), 1–14. Abong'o, D. A., Wandiga, S. O., Jumba, I. O., Nazariwo, B. B., Madadi, V. O., Wafula, H., & Kylin, H. (2015). Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in soil from the Nyando River catchment, Kenya. African Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(1), 18–32. Aktar, W., Sengupta, D., & Chowdhury, A. (2009). Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: Their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 2(1), 1–12. APHA. (2012). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (22nd ed., p. 724). American Public Health Association, American Water and Water works Association and Water Environment Federation. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). (2002). Toxicological profile for aldrin/dieldrin (update). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. Bettinetti, R., Quadroni, S., Crosa, G., Harper, D., Dickie, J., Kyalo, M., & Galassi, S. (2011). A preliminary evaluation of the DDT contamination of sediments in lakes Natron and Bogoria (eastern Rift Valley, Africa). Ambio, 40(4), 341–350. Birch, I. (2018). Agricultural productivity in Kenya: Barriers and opportunities. K4D knowledge, evidence and learning for development. Helpdesk report. https://assets.publi shing.servi ce.gov.uk/media/ 5c700 28ee5 274a0 ecbe9 a1c2/483_Agric ultur al_Produ ctivi ty_in_ Kenya_Barri ers_and_Oppor tunit ies.pdf Blacksmith Institute. (2012). The World's worst pollution problems: Assessing health risks at hazardous waste sites. Blacksmith Institute. https://www.worst pollu ted.org/files/ FileU pload/ files/ WWPP 2012.pdf Botaro, D., Torres, J. P. M., Malm, O., Rebelo, M. F., Henkelmann, B., & Schramm, K. W. (2011). Organochlorine pesticides residues in feed and muscle of farmed Nile tilapia from Brazilian fish farms. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(9), 2125–2130. Buchman, M. F. (2008). NOAA screening quick reference tables, NOAA OR and R Report 08-1. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Response and Restoration Division. CAC (Codex Alimentarius Commission). (2009). FAO/WHO food standards codex alimentarius pesticide residues in food –MRLs & extraneus MRLs. http://www.codex alime ntari us.net/mrls/pestd es/ jsp/pest_q-e. jsp Doyle, J., Solberg, T., Tiefenthaler, J., O'Brien, G., Behnke, H. F., Poulson, H. D., & Willett, S. D. (2003). Consensus-based sediment quality guidelines; recommendations for use and application interim guidance. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. EU. (2011b). Commission regulation (EC) No 420/2011 of 29 April 2011, amending regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union L, 111/3, 3–6. EU. (2011a). European commission regulation No 310/2011 of 28 march 2011, amending annexes II and III to regulation (EC) No 396/2005 of European Parliament and council as regards maximum residue levels for aldicarb, bromopropylate, chlorfenvinphos, endosulfan, EPTC, ethion, fenthion, fomesafen, methabenzthiazuron, 14401770, 2023, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lre.12424 by EBMG ACCESS - KENYA, Wiley Online Library on [27/03/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License NANTONGO et al. \| 11 of 13 methidathion, simazine, tetradifon and triforine in or on certain products. Official Journal of the European Union, 86/1(54), 1–51. European Commission. (2000). Quality control procedures for pesticide residues analysis. Guidelines for residues monitoring in the European Union second edition, 1999/2000. Following discussions at 2nd EU Workshop on Co-ordinated Analytical Quality Control, Athens, Greece, 15–17 November,1999. Document No. SANCO/3103/2000. European Standard EN 15662. Foods of Plant Origin-Determination of Pesticide Residues Using GC-MS and/or LC-MS/ MS Following Acetonitrile Extraction/Partitioning and Clean-up by Dispersive SPE (QuEChERS Method). FAO/WHO. (1983). Maximum limits for pesticide residues (Vol. XIII, 2nd ed.). Codex Alimentarius. FAO/WHO. (1994). Panel of experts on pesticide residues in food and the environment. Report of the Joint Meeting of FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues, Rome, 19–28 September, 1994. FDA. (2001). Environmental chemical contaminant and pesticide tolerances, action levels and guidance levels for fish and fishery products (Compliance Policy Guide Sec.575.100. Pesticide Chemical Residues in Food –Enforcement Criteria, CPG 7141.01). Getenga, Z. M., Keng'ara, F. O., & Wandiga, S. O. (2004). Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in soil and water from river Nyando drainage system within Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(2), 335–343. Gitahi, S. M., Harper, D. M., Muchiri, S. M., & Tole, M. P. (2002). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide concentrations in water, sediment, and selected organisms in Lake Naivasha (Kenya). Hydrobiologia, 488(1–3), 123–128. Greichus, Y. A., Ammann, B. D., & Hopcraft, J. (1978). Insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and metals in African lake ecosystems. III. Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 19(4), 454–461. Howard, P. H. (1991). Handbook of environmental fate and exposure Data for organic chemicals (pp. 12–89). Lewis publishers. IAEA. (2003). Collection and preparation of bottom sediment samples for analysis of radionuclides and trace elements. Technical document No. 1360 (p. 130). International Atomic Energy Agency. Iradukunda, P., Sang, J. K., Nyadawa, M. O., & Maina, C. W. (2020). Sedimentation effect on the storage capacity in Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Research in Engineering, 5(3), 149–158. IUPAC. (2003). Regulatory limits for pesticides in water. Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 75(8), 1123–1156. Jayaraj, R., Megha, P., & Sreedev, P. (2016). Organochlorine pesticides, their toxic effects on living organisms and their fate in the environment. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 9(3–4), 90–100. Kairu, J. K. (1999). Organochlorine pesticide and metal residues in a cichlid fish, tilapia, Sarotherodon (= tilapia) Alcalicus grahami Boulenger from Lake Nakuru, Kenya. International Journal of Salt Lake Research, 8(3), 253–266. Kanangire, C. K., Matano, A., Dida, G. O., & Anyona, D. (2016). A systematic review of effects of emerging pollutants on human health and livelihoods of population living in the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya. UNESCO PROJECT: Emerging pollutants in wastewater reuse in developing countries: Case studies on emerging pollutants in water and waste water. Unpublished report. Kanja, L., Skåre, J. U., Nafstad, I., Maitai, C. K., & Lokken, P. (1986). Organochlorine pesticides in human milk from different areas of Kenya 1983–1985. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 19(4), 449–464. KMFRI. (2017). Kenya's aquaculture brief 2017: Status, trends, challenges and future outlook. Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. Koeman, J. H., Pennings, J. H., De Goeij, J. J. M., Tjioe, P. S., Olindo, P. M., & Hopcraft, J. (1972). A preliminary survey of the possible contamination of Lake Nakuru in Kenya with some metals and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Journal of Applied Ecology, 9(2), 411–416. Lalah, J. O., Yugi, P. O., Jumba, I. O., & Wandiga, S. O. (2003). Organochlorine pesticide residues in tana and Sabaki Rivers in Kenya. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71(2), 298–307. Leichtfried, M., & Shivoga, W. A. (1995). The Njoro River-Lake Nakuru ecotonal system in Kenya. Jahresbericht Biological Sation Lunz, 15, 67–77. ‘Lincer, J. L., Zalkind, D., Brown, L. H., & Hopcraft, J. (1981). Organochlorine residues in Kenya's Rift Valley lakes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 157–171. Madadi, V. O. (2017). Occurrence and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residues in water and soil samples from Kargi area, Marsabit County, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(5), 91–99. Manda, P., Adepo, A. J. B., Goze, N. B., & Dano, D. S. (2017). Assessment of human and ecosystem contamination by organochlorine pesticides in Côte D'ivoire. Advanced Journal of Toxicology Current Research, 1(2), 94–99. Mavura, W. J., & Wangila, P. T. (2003). The pollution status of Lake Nakuru, Kenya: Heavy metals and pesticide residues, 1999/2000. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 28(1), 13–18. Mugambi, J. M., Kanja, L., Maitho, T. E., Skaare, J. U., & Lökken, P. (1989). Organochlorine pesticide residues in domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) eggs from Central Kenya. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 48(2), 165–176. Murty, A. S. (1986). Toxicity of pesticides to fish (Vol. I, p. 143). CRC Press. Musa, S., Gichuki, J. W., Raburu, P. O., & Mul, C. (2011). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in water and sediment from Yala/Nzoia River within Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 3(12), 392–399. Mutuku, M., Njogu, P., & Nyagah, G. (2014). Assessment of pesticide use and application practices in tomato based Agrosystems in Kaliluni sub location, Kathiani District, Kenya. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 16(2), 34–44. Mwevura, H., Othman, C., & Mhehe, G. L. (2002). Organochlorine pesticide residues in edible biota from the coastal area of Dar es Salaam city. Journal of Marine Science, 1, 91–96. Njogu, P. M. (2011). Assessment of pollution and prediction of environmental risks of organochlorine pesticide residues on aquatic communities in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. PhD thesis, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. Nyaundi, J. K., Getabu, A. M., Kengara, F., Onchieku, J., Njiru, M., Kinaro, Z. O., & Osoro, E. M. (2019). Assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) contamination in relation to physico-chemical parameters in the Upper River Kuja catchment, Kenya (East Africa). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 7(1), 172–179. Nzeve, J. K., Kitur, E. C., & Njuguna, S. G. (2018). Determination of heavy metals in sediments of Masinga reservoir, Kenya. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(20), 125–132. Odada, E., Raini, J., & Ndetei, R. (2004). Experiences and lessons learned brief, Lake Nakuru. https://www.seman ticsc holar.org/paper/ Lake-Nakur u%3A-exper ience -and- lesso ns-learn ed-brief -Odada -Raini/ 7e6ad 81b8d 594f7 8e5b7 262b2 d2b02 9e72f 49767 Olutona, G. O., Ayano, S. A., & Obayomi-Davies, O. (2014). Organochlorine pesticide in water and bottom sediment from Aiba reservoir (southwestern Nigeria). Chemistry and Ecology, 30(6), 513–531. Omwenga, I., Kanja, L., Nguta, J., Mbaria, J., & Irungu, P. (2016). Organochlorine pesticide residues in farmed fish in Machakos and Kiambu counties, Kenya. Cogent Environmental Science, 2(1), 1–9. Ondiere, V. B. (2016). Assessment of physico-chemical parameters, nutrients, fluorides, pesticides and selected heavy metals contamination in Lake Elementaita drainage basin. Master of Science thesis, University of Nairobi, Kenya. 14401770, 2023, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/lre.12424 by EBMG ACCESS - KENYA, Wiley Online Library on [27/03/2023]. See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License 12 of 13 \| NANTONGO et al. A PPEN D IX 1 Osoro, E. M., Wandiga, S. O., Abongo, D. A., Madadi, V. O., & Macharia, J. W. (2016). Organochlorine pesticides residues in water and sediment from Rusinga Island, Lake Victoria, Kenya. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 9, 56–63. PCPB. (2008). Annual report, July 2007/June 2008. Government Press. Persaud, D., Jaagumagi, R., & Hayton, A. (1993). Guidelines for the protection and management of aquatic sediment quality in Ontario (p. 27). Ministry of Environment and Energy. Pure Earth & Green Cross. (2016). World's worst pollution problems: The toxins beneath our feet. NY, USA, Zurich Switzerland, 1–56. http:// www.worst pollu ted.org/2016-report. html Roser. (2019). Pesticides. Published online at OurWo rldIn Data.org. https://ourwo rldin data.org/pesti cides [Online Resource]. Saoke, P. (2005). Kenya persistent organic pollutants situation report: DDT, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR)-Kenya. Teklit, G. (2016). Residue analysis of organochlorine pesticides in fish, sediment and water samples from Tekeze dam, Tigray, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 6(342), 2161-0525. Tenai, B. C., Mbaria, J. M., Muchemi, G. M., Jansen, R., Kotze, A., Naidoo, V., & Gitau, F. K. (2016). Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water, soil sediment and biological tissues of the lesser flamingos in four eastern rift valley lakes. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10(6), 162–166. UNEP. (1993). Guidelines for monitoring chemical contaminants in the sea using marine organisms (United Nations environmental program). Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies. Report No. 6, Athens, Greece. USEPA. (2012). Mid-Atlantic risk assessment. United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/risk/human -healt h-risk- asses sment USEPA. (2017). Regional screening levels (RSLs) –User's guide (November 2017). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https:// www.epa.gov/risk/regio nal-scree ning-level s-rsls- users -guide -novem ber-2017 Wandiga, S. O., Yugi, P. O., Barasa, M. W., Jumba, I. O., & Lalah, J. O. (2002). The distribution of organochlorine pesticides in marine samples along the Indian Ocean coast of Kenya. Environmental Technology, 23(11), 1235–1246. Wasswa, J., Kiremire, B. T., Nkedi-Kizza, P., Mbabazi, J., & Ssebugere, P. (2011). Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments from the Uganda side of Lake Victoria. Chemosphere, 82(1), 130–136. WDNR (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources). (1996). Analytical detection limit guidance and laboratory guide for determining method detection limits, Laboratory Certification Program. PUBL-TS- 056- 96. WHO. (2008). Guidelines for drinking-water quality: Second addendum, Vol. 1. Recommendations (3rd ed.). World Health Organization. WorldData.info Average height of men and women worldwide. https:// www.world data.info/avera ge-bodyh eight.php.n.d. How to cite this article: Nantongo, M. F., Edebe, J., Otachi, E. O., & Kipkemboi, J. (2023). Organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediments and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of Lake Nakuru, Kenya and implications for its fishery. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 28, e12424. https://doi. org/10.1111/lre.12424 TA	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://erepository.kafuco.ac.ke/123456789/164
dc.description.abstract	The present study was conducted to assess the levels of selected organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in water, sediments and Nile tilapia, as well as the potential health risks to humans who consume the fish of Lake Nakuru. Nine composite water and nine sediment samples, as well as 30 fish specimens, were collected from five representative sampling sites within Lake Nakuru. The OCPs targeted in the present study included p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (p,p′-DDD), p,p′ dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, α endosulfan (1), β endosulfan (2), endosulfan sulphate, endrin, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, methoxychlor and hexachlorocyclohexanes (alpha; beta; gamma; delta). Except for aldrin, all 16 OCPs targeted in the present study were detected. The OCP residue levels ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 7.44 ± 0.66 μg/L, BDL to 6.39 ± 1.10 μg/kg ww and BDL to 319.74 ± 66.94 μg/kg ww in water, sediment and fish samples respectively. Some OCP concentrations exhibited significant differences across the sampling sites (p < .05). The residue level of endosulfan was above the European Union standard, whereas the target hazard quotient of heptachlor epoxide was above 1, therefore being unsafe for human consumption. The present study results indicate that most of organochlorine pesticides though banned in Kenya are still detected in the environment, posing potential long-term health hazards to humans. Accordingly, environmental monitoring programme and mitigation strategies of reducing pollutant inputs into the lake is recommended, as well as an immediate ban on harvesting and consumption of fish from Lake Nakuru.	en_US
dc.description.sponsorship	Orange Knowledge Programme, the Netherlands (NUFFIC)	en_US
dc.language.iso	en	en_US
dc.publisher	Lakes Reservoirs	en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseries	Original Article;
dc.subject	aquatic pollution, fishery safety, Lake Nakuru, Oreochromis niloticus, organochlorine pesticide residues	en_US
dc.title	Organochlorine pesticide residues in water, sediments and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of Lake Nakuru, Kenya and implications for its fishery	en_US
dc.type	Article	en_US